Kasaai, Mohammad R. (2007). Hydrodynamic properties, such as the intrinsic viscosity, [], and equilibrium solution properties such as the hydrodynamic radius RH can be combined to construct dimensionless quantities that are universal since they are of being independent of the macromolecular particle size, while they depend more or less sensitively on its shape [51]. Dilute solution properties and degree of chain branching for dextran. The micropores were developed on pig skin and human cadaver skin with dermal and epidermal layers by the microporation device. Figure 3 shows that the parameters vary with temperature, evidencing a clear functionality of them. Springer Nature. Dependence on Concentration. Huggins equation [41] gives the relation to the relative viscosity increase (i). The mostly used commercial product/ polysaccharide is dextran, and it is produced from bacterium Leuconostoc mesenteroides, with an overall degree of branching of about 5% [1-3][1]. Theory, Estimation, Experiment, and Data. WebThe micelles produced at pH 4.6 have a spherical shape and their size is dependent on the Maillard reaction: reaction time, molar ratio of casein to dextran, and molecular weight of dextran used. Polymolecularity and polydispersity in Molecular weight determinations. These studies were again focused on investigating the hydrodynamic properties of the polymer molecules, their hydrodynamic radius in relation to their radius of gyration and the coherence of the simulation results with polymer theory. Singh TRR, Garland MJ, Cassidy CM, Migalska K, Demir YK, Ryan SAE, Woolfson D, Donnelly RF. Dextran produced from Weissella cibaria JAG8 was purified and characterized. WebAmines per 70KDa dextran Theeffectofchargerepulsiononthe hydrodynamicradiuscanbeseenwithRh increaseswithchargedensity.Charge repulsioncausesthehydrodynamicradius toincrease.Withincreasingcharge,the dextranprogressivelyunfolded.Evena lowlevelofaminationcausesthepolymer tounfold. Carbohydrate Polymers, 68, 477-488. Polysaccharide hydrogels for modified release formulations. Ibrahim O, Munavalli GS, Dover JS. WebAccording to the above theoretical analysis for the micro-roughness contact model, the relationship between the hydrodynamic pressure (HP) and the contact pressure (CP) is shown in Fig. It is worth noting that the size of macromolecules is much bigger than that of solvent (water) molecules [50]. Molecular Weight Distributions of Water-Soluble Polymers by Flow Field-Flow Fractionation. TEWL measurements were taken 30min after microporation of the human and pig skin. Typically, the hydrodynamic diameter of the micelles is about 100 nm and the critical micelle concentration is about 10 mg/L. The lower molecular weight of FITC-dextran permeated more on both human and pig skin. Im Tiefkhlgert (-5 bis -30C) lagern und vor Licht schtzen. However, the currently available transdermal systems are limited by low drug permeability across the skin due to the lipophilic barrier function of the stratum corneum (SC), the outermost skin layer of the skin [3,4,5]; the methods favor low molecular mass, and lipophilic molecules, making it difficult to exploit the transdermal route for large and water-soluble molecules such as proteins and peptides. The hydrodynamic radius is important in predicting transretinal penetration Carroll PJ. "Dextrans in Aqueous Solution. Dextran Specifications: Label (Ex/Em): Fluorescein (494/521) Size: 40,000 MW. For a values from 0-0.5 a rigid sphere is predicted in a ideal solvent, from 0.5-0.8 a random coil in good solvent, and from 0.8-2 a rigid or rod like shape is expected (stiff chain). 4, 10, and 20K) was measured using the Transdermal diffusion cell system. When applied to adherent cell cultures, the APGD-t is capable of inducing temporary cell permeabilization. For simplicity, macromolecules are treated as rigid molecules for a hydrodynamic study. Ghimici, Luminita; Nichifora, Marieta; Eich, Andreas; Wolf, Bernhard A. This device can generate microchannels from the SC through to the outer dermis and allow transdermal delivery of active agents. dextran hydrodynamic radius. We observe that this maximum radius is below The column was eluted with bidestilled water a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min, injection 5L, back pressure 200psi. ; Ross-Murphy, S.B. Epub 2021 Feb 9. (1999). For rigid macromolecules, it is also conventional to combine a solution property with the volume of the particle itself, or with a quantity directly derived from it [54, 55, 56]. J. Phys. Carbohydr Polym. Kirkland, J. J.; Dilks, C. H.; Rementer, S. W. (1992). Thus, it is a common practice to express the frictional coefficient of rigid structures as. Gold MH, Biron JA. The Mark-Houwink a constant is close to 0.75 (or higher) for these good solvents. Covis, Rudy; Ladaviere, Catherine; Desbrieres, Jacques; Marie, Emmanuelle; Durand, Alain. The human skins were from the back or thigh of a 24-year-old woman. 2008;26(11):12618. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 27, 795-810. WebFluorescent and biotinylated dextrans are routinely employed to trace neuronal projections. Viscosity of Liquids. Exp Cell Res. (1954). Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Terms and Conditions, Conversely, fluorescein sodium was the compound selected to model hydrophilic, low MW drugs. Viscosity of in water solution polysaccharides depends on intrinsic characteristics of the biopolymer (such as molecular weight, volume, size, shape, surface charge, deformation facility, esterification degree, and galacturonic content) and on ambient factors (such as pH, temperature, ionic strength, solvent, etc.). Chen Rong Huei; Wei Yu Chen; Shang Ta Wang; Chu Hsi Hsu; Min Lang Tsai (2009). WebThis value is sensible given that i j = 0 and that the search radius of the clustering algorithm is slightly larger than the average segment length of our Dextran model (b 5.5 nm). @ Nilimesh See attached. Kam Y, Sacks H, Kaplan KM, Stern M, Levin G. Radio frequency-microchannels for transdermal delivery: characterization of skin recovery and delivery window. Lucifer yellow (LY) and FITC-labelled dextran stock solutions were prepared in Ringers-HEPES buffer (150 mM NaCl, 3.4 mM CaCl 2, 1.2 mM MgCl 2, 5.2 mM KCl, 0.5 mM NaHCO 3, 2.8 mM glucose, and 10 mM HEPES) and frozen at 20C. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of RF microporation technology in vitro, by evaluating the permeation of fluorescent-conjugated dextran (FITC-dextran) of various molecular weights through the human and pig skin after microporation, using a transdermal diffusion cell system. Hindered diffusion of dextran and ficoll in microporous membranes. Macromolecules, 29, 2265-2268. Micropores are produced by the arrangement of microelectrodes on the skin at precise dimensions, then RF energy generated by alternating currents induces ionic vibrations between electrodes with positive or negative charges. pp13-21. Although, intrinsic viscosity is a molecular parameter that can be interpreted in terms of molecular conformation, it does not offer as high resolution on molecular structure as other methods such as Light Scattering, Circular Dichroism, Sedimentation Velocity, Sedimentation Equilibrium, Size Exclusion Chromatography Coupled to Multi-Angle Laser Light Scattering (SEC-MALLS), High-performance Size Exclusion Chromatography (HPSEC), Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC), NMR, X-rays, etc. Masuelli, Martin Alberto (2013). High Manufacturing Standards of Molecular Probes Dextrans. eCollection 2018 Feb. Molecules. 2.It can be found from the figure that at the start-up stage of the shaft, the hydrodynamic effect (HE) is weak, so the HP is not enough to support the shaft, which Harding, S. E., & Simpkin, N. J. Progress in Polymer Science, 30, 38-70. For a given polymer-solvent pair, the theta condition is satisfied at a certain temperature, called the theta () temperature or theta point. After 24h, the cumulative permeation of FITC-dextran M.W. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Journal of Physical Chemistry. Each skin pores was captured using a microscope and the obtained images were analyzed using ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA). Ionic Polymers Based on Dextran: Hydrodynamic Properties in Aqueous Solution and Solvent Mixtures. 113, 81-86. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). In this work, hydrodynamic properties are investigated in different dextran aqueous solutions with different molecular weights (8.8-2000kDa), in a temperature range from 20C to 50C. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The polymer molecule assumes a tighter configuration, and the solution has a lower intrinsic viscosity. Macromolecules, 31, 7712-7716. Hennink, W.E. With FITC-dextran 20 K, cumulative Table 2 compares the properties of nanoparticles coated with one or other polymer. Intrinsic viscosity molecular weight relationship. Front Microbiol. Format). Mark-Houwink values confirm that for these conditions dextrans behave as rigid spheres with a tendency at compaction as temperature increases. where (poise) is the viscosity, the (g/cm3) fluid density, and t the liquid draining time (s) subscript zero is referred to solvent, and without subscript is referred to the solution [40], and inherent viscosity is i = r -1. The first term on the left-hand side of equation 2 (i/c) has a linear relation as a function of the concentration (c in g/cm3), where is the intrinsic viscosity [] is given by (c0) [42, 43]. The cumulative permeation of FITC-dextran 10K was 4.820.32M, in the human skin and 5.920.46M in the pig skin. Bookshelf Chen Rong Huei; Min Lang Tsai (1998). Chem. Transdermal drug delivery system for non-steroidal anti inflammatory drugs: a review. (1991). Learn More. 2005;22(4):5505. Determination of intrinsic viscosities of macromolecules and nanoparticles. In the future, we plan to investigate the possibility of enhancing the delivery of other macromolecular drugs such as peptides and siRNAs using the RF-based microporation device. Equivalent Radii and Ratios of Radii from Solution Properties as Indicators of Macromolecular Conformation, Shape, and Flexibility. ; Ghosh, T.K. Synthesis and characterization of blue dextrans. Ghimici, Luminita; Nichifor, Marieta; Wolf, Bernhard (2009). A simple and rapid method for evaluation of MarkHouwinkSaturada constants of linear random coil polysaccharides using molecular weight and intrinsic viscosity determined by high performance size exclusin chromatography: application to guar galactomannan. This is because the macromolecule hydrodynamic radius changes the solution type and temperature via change in their chain exibility. Table1 shows TEWL values measured immediately after the microporation of human and pig skins. Ultimately they concluded that the temperature increment found to be an effective force in disturbing these interactions, mainly between polymer-polymer and polymer-solvent molecules for the used system. After 8h, the micropore became more distorted from the previous circle, suggesting that the micropores were closing. J. To overcome these limitations, microporation devices that act as therapeutic vehicles for delivering drug molecules across the skin barriers have been developed. A sugar cane native dextran as an innovative functional excipient for the development of pharmaceutical tablets. The radius of gyration is typically calculated from static scattering measurements, while the hydro-dynamic radius (or equivalent sphere radius) is deter-mined by dynamic light scattering or other diffusion measurements. Web54 we estimated that the hydrodynamic radii of 3-5 kDa dextran, 20 kDa dextran, and 70 kDa dextran are 2 55 nm, 5 nm, and 6 nm, respectively. At the same temperature, the hydrodynamic radius and the intrinsic viscosity are higher for different molecular weights, while these properties decrease with an increase of temperature at the same molecular weight (Figure 1). Drug Discov Today Technol. The fact that the intrinsic viscosity of a given polymer sample is different according to the solvent used gives and insight about the general shape of polymer molecules in solution. TEWL measurements were performed before and 30min after microporation. Dextrans can function efficiently as anterograde or retrograde tracers, Article The most widely used method for the characterization of macromolecules is the capillary viscometry, as it is a simple and economic method. a Microscopy images of micropore and b quantified data using ImageJ after 0 (immediately), 4, 8, and 24h according to the number of times microproration was done (n=150, *: p<0.05). Format), Citation-(EndNote The calculation of Mark-Houwink parameters is carried out by the graphic representation of the following equation: where kMH (cm3/g) and a are Mark-Houwink constants, depending on the type of polymer, solvent, and temperature of intrinsic viscosity determinations [46]. The molecular weight of dextran samples can be obtained by a variety of methods including light scattering, HPLC/SEC, sedimentation, osmometry and end-group analysis. Hydrodynamic radii were measured using Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) in a Malvern Zetasizer NanoZS DLS (Malvern Instruments, Malvern, UK) at high scattering angle (173) to minimise the effects of dust and supramolecular contamination (NIBS, 173). 2012;101(8):28619. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. However, considering the trauma and unethical practices associated with animal experiments, in vitro studies with human cadaver skin offers an ethical and viable alternative. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 277, 99-104. Food Sci Biotechnol. Thermo Fisher Scientific. 2019;9(3-S):9726. Study of temperature influence. WebTry out PMC Labs and tell us what you think. In this sense, the largest deviations were obtained for the highest molecular weight (580-2000kDa with values from 0.8467 to 0.7346). 2013, Article ID 360239, pp. Colloid and Polymer Science, 286, 1223-1231. J. Braz. Indo AM J Pharm. Dextran Utilization During Its Synthesis by Weissella cibaria RBA12 Can Be Overcome by Fed-Batch Fermentation in a Bioreactor. WebThe study of biopolymers as dextran in aqueous solution, is effectively determined by intrinsic viscosity [] measurements at different temperatures. Palmuti Braga Vettoria, Mary Helen; Martins Franchetti, Sandra Mara; Contiero, Jonas (2012). Because of the recent animal protection rules which have restricted animal experiments [19], we used human cadaver skin as an alternative to animals. Home > 2022 > Junho > 22 > Uncategorized > dextran hydrodynamic radius. Arond L.H. The regeneration of micropores in the human cadaver skin caused by microporation was confirmed using an optical microscope and haematoxylin/eosin (H&E) staining. Journal of American Chemical Society, 64(11), 2716-2718. WebLabeled dextrans are hydrophilic polysaccharides most commonly used in microscopy studies to monitor cell division, track the movement of live cells, and to report the We offer more than 50 fluorescent and biotinylated dextran conjugates in several molecular weight ranges. Our portfolio includes for example derivatives of dextran, polysucrose, inulin and more. WebThomas Gutberlet works at Jlich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS-2), Forsch and is well known for Lipoteichoic Acid, Neutron Reflectometry and Neutron Reflectivity. Dextran (DX) is one type of EPS synthesized by LAB in the presence of sucrose (R g), radius of hydrodynamic (R h), polymer conformation parameter ( = R g /R h), intrinsic viscosity ([]), Mark-Houwink coefficient () and branching degree of DXs of RPYs prepared under different conditions. European Biophysical Journal, 36, 85-94. eCollection 2015. European Polymer Journal, 36, 2143-2146. WebDextran displays excellent biocompatibility and have been used clinically for over 50 years. ; Fran, H.P. Webdextran hydrodynamic radius. The value of kM-H in this work decreases with increasing temperature in contrast to published by reference [34] where kM-H increases. Gillespie, T.; Hulme, M. A. These studies were carried out at the Hisko (Gunpo, Korea). Die Makromolekulare Chemie, 148(1), 229-238. Springer Editions. Sci. 2005;304(1):27486. The formula is verified for different systems of polymer-solvent and the values are in accord with those obtained by extrapolation. With FITC-dextran 20K, cumulative permeation in the human skin was 2.530.48M, and 3.340.19M in the pig skin, which significantly lower than FITC-dextran 4K. Cumulative amount of FITC-dextran permeated after microporation on the human and pig skin for FITC-dextran M.W.. a M.W. Antoniou, E.; Buitrago, C. F.; Tsianou, M.; Alexandridis, P. (2010). The most widely applied coatings for FDA-approved SPIONs are dextran and carboxydextran. This method utilizes promising strategies that have made a significant impact in transdermal delivery [6], they include: iontophoresis, microneedles, sonophoresis, radiofrequency (RF), and chemical enhancers [7,8,9,10,11]. National Library of Medicine Drug deliv. Formul. Curvale, R.; Masuelli, M.; Perez Padilla, A. In vitro studies with human cadaver skin is a viable, ethical, and economical alternative for in vivo animal studies. The hydrodynamic 57 radius of the dextranase is 7 Chromatographic characterization of polymers: Hyphenated and multidimensional techniques. Polyelectrolytes as secondary calibration standards for aqueous SEC. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Results and Discussion The microscopic dynamics of proteins are probed in a light scattering experiment. Degrees of long-chain branching in dextrans. Peptide and protein transdermal drug delivery. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 13, 2031-2032. The skins were from the abdomen of a 39-year-old caucasian woman (BMI: 24). In a good solvent, which shows a zero or negative heat of mixing with the polymer, the molecule is less-extended, and the intrinsic viscosity is high. Format), Citation-(BibTeX The micropores of the human cadaver skin were regenerated according to the time. By using this website, you agree to our (2003). 2015;32(5):170413. Google Scholar. Epub 2012 Oct 18. Human skins (Full-thickness human skin) were supplied by HansBiomed. Carbohydrate Research, 160, 205-214. Mitragotri S. Mechanical disruption of skin barrier for vaccine delivery. 20K groups (n=3, *: p<0.05, **: p<0.01). Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. (1954). Characterization and Classification of Dextrans from Ninety-six Strains of Bacteria. ; Veldhuis, T.F.J. Correspondence to Kasaai, Mohammad R. (2012). 2018 Jan;184(1):1-11. doi: 10.1007/s12010-017-2522-4. where tr is the column retention time in minutes (2 of 0.9792). Herwadkar A, Banga AK. Arch Dermatol Res. Dulbeccos Phosphate-Buffered Saline (DPBS) was purchased from Welgene (Gyeongsan, Korea). A long-chain polymer molecule in solution takes on a somewhat kinked or curled shape, intermediate between a tightly curled mass (coil) and a rigid linear configuration. For 40 kDa molecules, the hydrodynamic diameter d h ~8 nm is much smaller than the collagen mesh size [33,41]. Ortega, A.; Garca de la Torre, J. Analytical Chemistry. 20K. * shows a significant difference between the M.W. Takara, Andres; Acosta, Adolfo; Masuelli, Martin A. Huang S, Huang G. Preparation and drug delivery of dextran-drug complex.