The Twittys denied this. Natalee Holloway disappeared while on a high school graduation trip to Aruba. Natalee Holloway 10 years later: New facts, and doubts, about the case's future. [58] Cruz later retracted the statement, saying he was a victim of a "misinformation campaign". [12] Fifty Dutch marines conducted an extensive search of the shoreline. "[35] On June 22, Aruban police detained Van der Sloot's father, Paulus van der Sloot, for questioning; he was arrested that same day. [75], In January 2006, the FBI and Aruban authorities interviewedor in some cases, re-interviewedseveral of Holloway's classmates in Alabama. She was found dead three days later in a hotel room under Joran van der Sloot's name. During this period, the suspects who had been detained changed their stories. The teenager disappeared on a trip to Aruba in 2005. [141] On June 7, Peruvian authorities said that Van der Sloot confessed to killing Flores after he lost his temper because she accessed his laptop without permission and found information linking him to Holloway. If you purchase a product or register for an account through one of the links on our site, we may receive compensation. It's been almost 15 years since Natalee, then 18, vanished while on a school trip to Aruba . All rights reserved (About Us). Her father, Dave Holloway, has one word for the wild rumors: FAKE., Natalee Holloway was trending on Twitter following false speculation that she was rescued by U.S. military in Honduras in March. Aruban authorities sent divers to investigate, but no remains were ever recovered. Later that day, Van der Sloot stated that he was telling the individual what he wanted to hear, and denied any involvement in her disappearance. Joran Andreas Petrus van der Sloot (Dutch pronunciation: [jor vn dr slot]; born 6 August 1987) is a Dutch convicted murderer who killed Stephany Flores Ramrez in Lima, Peru, in 2010.He is also the prime suspect in the disappearance of Natalee Holloway in 2005. [12][14] In March 2006 it was reported that satellite photos were being compared with photographs taken more recently (presumably from the F-16s) in an attempt to find unexpected shifts of ground that might be Holloway's grave. Nearly 17 years after Natalee Holloway disappeared in Aruba, the mystery of what happened to her may be solved. When the three men were questioned, they said that they dropped off Holloway at her hotel and denied knowing what had become of her. Nobody gets lost, but they do, we bring in F-16's. She never showed up for her flight home on May 30, 2005, prompting . Eighteen-year-old Natalee Holloway never showed up for a flight home from Aruba on May 30, 2005. Holloway was scheduled to fly home from the Caribbean island on May 30, 2005, but she failed to appear for her flight. Van der Sloot's mother, Anita van der Sloot, stated, "It's a desperate attempt to get the boys to talk. "Natalee Holloway" redirects here. Dave Holloway told AL.com he was not aware of the newest speculation. On May 30, 2005, 18-year-old Natalee Holloway disappeared on the island of Aruba. USA TODAY. The sample will be matched against a DNA sample from Natalees mother, Beth. A huge search operation for the teen began after her initial disappearance. She was last seen alive on May 30, 2005. In 2000, Beth married George "Jug" Twitty, a prominent Alabama businessman, and the family moved to Mountain Brook, Alabama. [3] Her disappearance resulted in a media sensation in the United States. Natalee on left, and her mom on right. Rejecting a motion to dismiss by Oxygen Media and . "[173] Prime Minister Oduber stated that Aruban investigators have done their best to solve the case, and responded to the call for boycott, "This is a preposterous and irresponsible act. [40], On June 9, Van der Sloot and the Kalpoe brothers were arrested on suspicion of the kidnapping and murder of Holloway. Byars, was released (in Dutch) on June 25. Investigators found a piece of duct tape with strands of blond hair attached to it; the samples were tested at a Dutch lab. She was last seen the night before getting into the back of a car with three men. The most notable interview was broadcast on Fox News over three nights in March 2006. [4] Her remains have not been found. Natalee Holloway, an 18-year-old tourist from Alabama on a class trip celebrating her high school graduation, vanished in Aruba in 2005. Looking for an old soul like myself. Arambatzis' friends Van der Sloot and the Kalpoe brothers were supposedly involved in the incident. However, van der Sloot remains the prime suspect as he went on to murder 21-year-old Stephany Flores Ramrez in Lima, Peru - five years to the day of Natalee's disappearance. And while Natalee Holloway has legally been declared dead since 2012, her remains have yet to be found. Teen in Aruba Raises Reward for Help Solving the Case", "FBI, Aruban authorities to test hair in search for missing girl", "Aruba suspects accused of taking sex photos of another girl", "AMW missing data file for Natalee Holloway: All Suspects Released", "Joran van der Sloot Talks About Night With Natalee Holloway", "Transcript: Joran van der Sloot Goes 'On the Record,' Part 1", "On the RecordHunting for Answers (Transcript)", "Aruba Police Probe Drug, Alcohol Role in Holloway Case", "Lawyer: Joran doesn't know man arrested in Holloway case", "Prosecutors: Holloway suspect van (sic) Cromvoirt freed", "Suspect in Holloway case to be released", "Lawyer: Natalee Holloway suspect "is gay", "Gecombineerd rechercheteam onderzoekt vermissing Natalee Holloway", "Van der Sloot's Book gives his version of the night Natalee vanished", "Investigators Search Natalee Holloway Disappearance Suspect's House", "New Natalee Holloway Search Pleases Family", "Investigators search home in Holloway case", "Missing Teen's Father to Search for Body", "2 suspects to be freed in Holloway case", "Brothers in Holloway case walk away from jails again", "Appeal denied in release of Holloway suspects", "Van der Sloot ordered released from Aruba jail", "Natalee Holloway Case Closed for Lack of Evidence", "Aruban Authorities Reveal 'Proof' In Case of Missing Teen", "Reporter Claims to Crack Natalee Holloway Case", "Holloway Suspect: I Lied About Involvement", "Investigators grill Joran van der Sloot", "Natalee will never be found, says Joran", "Hidden camera shows Dutch student saying Natalee Holloway died on Aruba beach", "Mystery man in Holloway case comes forward", "No warrant for Van Der Sloot's arrest: judge", "Court ignores confession in Holloway case", "Court blocks Dutch student's arrest in Holloway's disappearance", "Van der Eem in cel voor mishandeling vriendin", "Holloway confession on TV: Trial by psychology", "Death of suspect's father complicates Natalee Holloway case", "Holloway's father sends search dog to Aruba", "Natalee Holloway confession called "fantasy", "Aruban Divers and Natalee Holloway Remains What Was Found? Van der Straaten told the media that "Croes was detained based on information from one of the other three detainees. This was hotly contested by Deepak Kalpoe's attorney, who stated that the prosecution, in translating from Papiamento to Dutch, had misconstrued a reference to a teacher who had drowned as one to Holloway. The family also called for a boycott of Aruba, which gained then-Governor of Alabama Bob Riley's support but failed to gain widespread backing. Natalee, we know, she drank all day every day. Van der Sloot also alleged that his father paid off two police officers who had learned that Holloway was taken to Venezuela. Following receipt of extensive case documentation in Rotterdam, a team of the Dutch National Police started work on the case in September. One of the homes belonged to reporter Jaap Amesz, who had previously interviewed Van der Sloot and claimed knowledge of his criminal activities. Van der Sloot initially denied knowing Holloway's name, but he then told a story corroborated by Deepak Kalpoe, who was present in the house:[33] Van der Sloot related that they drove Holloway to the California Lighthouse area of Arashi Beach because she wanted to see sharks; they later dropped Holloway off at her hotel at around 2:00a.m.[42] According to Van der Sloot, Holloway fell down as she exited the car but refused his help. Van der Sloot was seen smoking marijuana[111] and stating that he was with Holloway when she began convulsively shaking, then became unresponsive. Natalee was scheduled to fly home on May 30 but failed to show up when the group met in the lobby to leave for their flight. [16] Holloway's remains were never found. Forensic Scientist on Gravesite Find in Natalee Holloway Case: 'Can We Use It to Identify Natalee? [19], On November 12, 2010, tourists found a jawbone on an Aruban beach near the Phoenix Hotel and Bubali Swamp. A forensic scientist on Thursday confirmed the statement last week by Natalees father, Dave Holloway, that bone fragments Holloway discovered on the island where the Alabama teen vanished on a 2005 high school graduation trip are human, and they are of Caucasian, European descent, according to Oxygen, which is following Daves search for answers in its current true-crime series The Disappearance of Natalee Holloway. [73], In the months following his release, Van der Sloot gave several interviews that explained his version of events. Van der Sloot is serving a 28-year sentence in Stephanie Flores death. Use of and/or registration on any portion of this site constitutes acceptance of our User Agreement, Privacy Policy and Cookie Statement, and Your Privacy Choices and Rights (each updated 1/26/2023). This incident allegedly occurred before the Holloway disappearance. Natalee Holloway, who was just 18 at the time, disappeared while on a trip with her high school class in 2005. Natalee's body has yet to be recovered since her disappearance 17 years ago. Additional testing is underway on what Kolowski identified in the skeletal sample as mitochondrial DNA, which he said comes only from the mother. The disappearance of her 18-year-old daughter, Natalee, became an international story, complete with papparazzi and a handsome . In an episode of Vanished with Beth Holloway, Beth recounted the story of Natalee's disappearance, which is reenacted for the show. They had great arguments about this in front of the judge. A man who claimed he dug up and cremated the body of missing teenager Natalee Holloway to help his murder suspect friend has himself been killed while attempting to kidnap a woman, police have . Van der Sloot pleaded guilty to Ramrez's murder, and he is currently serving time in a prison in Peru. Natalee Holloway's father: Honduras rescue reports are fake Updated: Jun. The group often ended up at Excelsior Casino, which was, and still is, connected to the Holiday Inn where the Mountain Brook group stayed. Her case resulted in a world-wide media frenzy, yet Natalee's body was never found, and her father, Dave Holloway, has never stopped searching for answers. "Natalee was with God, and he wrapped his heavenly arms around her and cared for her, whatever ordeal she encountered that night," Beth said last month. "[36], Holloway was last seen by her classmates around 1:30a.m. on Monday, May 30, as she was leaving the Oranjestad bar and nightclub Carlos'n Charlie's. Natalee Ann Holloway (born October 21, 1986 disappeared May 30, 2005) was an 18-year-old American whose mysterious disappearance made international news after she vanished on May 30, 2005, near the end of a high school graduation trip to Aruba in the Caribbean. Holloway lived in Mountain Brook, Alabama, and graduated from Mountain Brook High School on May 24, 2005, days before the trip. [18][79] Members of Holloway's family have denied that she used drugs. A group from the Aruban police and prosecutor's office then traveled to the FBI central laboratory at Quantico, Virginia, to consult with American investigators. A follow-up film, Justice for Natalee Holloway, aired in mid-2011 on LMN. "[43], The saturation of coverage triggered a backlash among some critics who argued that such extensive media attention validated the "missing white woman syndrome" theory, which argues that missing person cases involving white women and girls receive disproportionately more attention in the media compared with cases involving white males or people of color. [8][33] Aruban authorities initiated searches for Holloway throughout the island and surrounding waters but did not find her. At the request of Holloway's father, Alabama judge Alan King declared Holloway legally dead on January 12, 2012. At the time, he was traveling with $25,000 he accepted from Beth Holloway, in exchange for information he promised about Natalees whereabouts. It turns in part on a tip from a man who says he was involved in disposing of Natalees remains after Van Der Sloot allegedly gave her a date-rape drug and she choked on her own vomit. The nation became enraptured in her story, but little new information has come out in the 17 years since. A forensic scientist on Thursday confirmed the statement last week by Natalee's father, Dave Holloway, that bone fragments Holloway discovered on the island where the Alabama teen vanished on. I don't think they would do that for me in New York City,'' said Aruban television reporter Patrick Pakel. [73], Hurricane Katrina had left the door open for the boys to be sent on their way with little publicity and few restrictions because it took the world's focus off of Natalee, but only for a brief time. Joran Van der Sloot, linked to the mysterious disappearance of Natalee in Aruba, has confessed to the murder of a female student in Peru, police said on Tuesday. [152] A part of the bone was sent to The Hague for testing by the Netherlands Forensic Institute. Alec Harvey of The Birmingham News called the movie "sloppy and uneven, a forgettable look at the tragedy that consumed the nation's attention for months. But that story doesn't check out at all. [86] On April 16, 2007, a combined ArubanDutch team began pursuing the investigation in Aruba. About Us; Staff; Camps; Scuba. On October 3, 2017, DNA testing concluded that one piece of bone was human but did not belong to Natalee. In a November 8, 2005, news conference, Governor Bob Riley and the Holloways urged Alabamians and others to boycott Aruba. We know it's these suspects, Deepak and Satish Kalpoe and Joran Van Der Sloot. [83] In addition, another individual with initials "A.B." "[195], CBS senior journalist Danna Walker stated, "There is criticism that it is only a story because she is a pretty blondeand whiteand it is criticism that journalists are taking to heart and looking elsewhere for other stories. [171], Holloway's family initially discouraged a travel boycott of Aruba, but this changed by September 2005. News 65,266 views May 30, 2021 The 18-year-old disappeared 16 years ago on this day while celebrating her high school graduation in. [144] On June 11, Van der Sloot was charged in Lima Superior Court with first-degree murder and robbery. According to an MSNBC report, the crucial words are inaudible, and presenter Rita Cosby questioned if it could be substantiated that Kalpoe had ever made the statements attributed to him in the Dr. Phil version of the recording. They also said that within a day of Holloway's being reported missing, a medjet, unauthorized by Aruban authorities, had arrived on Aruba and had remained for several days for the purpose of covertly taking Holloway off the island without notifying local authorities. [84] Wever was questioned for six days in Utrecht. An American woman rescued in a U.S. military operation in Honduras several months was not Natalee Holloway, according to her family. Last year, John Ludwick claimed in a documentary that he helped dispose of the remains of Natalee Ann Holloway, an American teen whose 2005 disappearance in the Caribbean had become the subject of . [166] After the court decision not to rearrest Van der Sloot was affirmed, Twitty stated, "I think that what I do take comfort in, his life is a living hell,"[167] later adding, "I'd be good with a Midnight Express prison anywhere for Joran. [122] Paulus died of a heart attack on February 10, 2010. Documentary News Beth Holloway takes her first extensive trip back to Aruba, in nearly 10 years, after her daughter, Natalee Holloway, disappeared while on vacation there, almost 15 years ago; Stars David Muir Amy Robach Molly Bish See production, box office & company info Watch on Hulu on Hulu.com and the Hulu app Add to Watchlist Photos Add photo We had a young lady, a young American, who was the victim of a violent crime in Honduras, I believe. [138] Dave Holloway returned to Aruba on June 14 to pursue possible new clues. According to Jug Twitty, the gardener claimed to have seen Van der Sloot attempting to hide his face as he drove into the Racquet Club with the Kalpoe brothers on the very early morning of May 30 between 2:30a.m. and 3:00a.m.[63] Nancy Grace described the gardener as "the man whose testimony cracks the case wide open". "[125], In March 2010, underwater searches were conducted by Aruban authorities after an American couple reported[126] that they were snorkeling when they photographed what they thought might be human skeletal remains, possibly those of Holloway. It was a few days ago when Alabama twitter was in an uproar saying that in a raid in a sex trafficking ring in Hondourus, Natalee Holloway had been found. One of these men was Joran Van Der Sloot, a Dutch student whose family resided permanently in Aruba. [13][14][15] In addition to the ground search, divers searched the ocean for Holloway's body. About The Disappearance Of Natalee Holloway On May 30, 2005, 18-year-old Natalee Holloway disappeared on the island of Aruba. [128] After Kelly notified the FBI, they arranged to proceed with the transaction. [33], On September 15, 2005, the Dr. Phil television show showed parts of a hidden camera interview with Deepak Kalpoe in which he seemingly affirmed a suggestion that Holloway had sex with all three men. There have been multiple, similar incidents of speculation in the 15 years since her disappearance. Van der Sloot and Surinamese brothers Deepak and Satish Kalpoe, reportedly the last people to see Natalee alive, were arrested multiple times in her disappearance, but were always released without being charged. [73] The elder Van der Sloot then brought a second action, seeking monetary damages for himself and his family because of his false arrest. Natalee Holloway's potential killer. [136], At the request of the U.S. Justice Department, authorities conducted a June 4 raid and confiscated items from two homes in the Netherlands. [83], On May 17, another suspect, Guido Wever (the son of a former Aruban politician) was detained in the Netherlands on suspicion of assisting in the abducting, battering, and killing of Holloway. And you know, we just have to, though, keep going, Nancy, because the only way we will get justice for Natalee is if we do keep going. His story failed to stack up and the brothers were released on July 4, while Jovan was released on September 3, all under the condition that they should remain available to cops as the investigation continued. (Twitter). "[102] Van der Sloot was released without charge on December 7 due to lack of evidence implicating him as well as a lack of evidence that Holloway died as the result of a violent crime. Dompig also stated that Aruba had spent about $3million on the investigation, which was about 40% of the police operational budget. [115] The appeals court held that the statements on the tape were inconsistent with evidence in the case and were insufficient to hold Van der Sloot. By Megan Heintz. [7] Beth stated that Van der Sloot's full name was given to her by the night manager at the Holiday Inn, who supposedly recognized him on a videotape. [183][184] The action was initially successful, but the award of damages was reversed on appeal. Natalee Holloway. There are intact teeth on the bone, reports CNN. [89][90] Dutch authorities searched the yard and surrounding area, using shovels and thin metal rods to penetrate the dirt. Jun. [127], On March 29, 2010, Van der Sloot contacted John Q. Kelly, Beth Twitty's legal representative, with an offer to reveal the location of Holloway's body and the circumstances surrounding her death, if he were given advance of US$25,000 against a total of $250,000. He admits to and apologizes for his initial untruths, but maintains his innocence. [189] Although it set ratings records for Lifetime, the movie received mixed reviews from critics. was arrested on April 22, but was released the same day. It's the Natalee Holloway story you haven't heard: the tale of two parents who, even now, will go anywhere -- and endure anything -- to find answers. The father of Natalee Holloway, the American teen who disappeared in Aruba back in 2005, says he and a private investigator found human remains in Aruba that may be his daughter's body. [88], On April 27, a new search involving approximately 20 investigators was launched at the Van der Sloot family residence in Aruba. [103], On December 18, prosecutor Hans Mos officially declared the case closed, and that no charges would be filed due to lack of evidence. [33], In televised interviews and in a book, Beth Twitty alleged that Van der Sloot and the Kalpoe brothers knew more about Holloway's disappearance than they have told authorities and that at least one of them sexually assaulted or raped her daughter. [13] Aruban banks raised $20,000 and provided other support to aid volunteer search teams. In February 2018, Elizabeth Holloway sued the producers, alleging this and other claims are fictional and harmfully lurid, and that she was misled into providing a DNA sample for comparison without being made aware of plans for a show. [149] A hearing was held on September 23, 2011, at which time Probate Judge Alan King ruled that Dave Holloway had met the requirements for a legal presumption of death. That cash exchange followed by Van der Sloots subsequent confession to Beths lawyer, John Q. Kelly, that the information he provided was false led to federal extortion charges that are pending against Van der Sloot in the U.S. Natalee Holloway: The Unsolved Case 16-Years Later | E! John Christopher Ludwick, 32, was fatally stabbed Wednesday. [80], On April 11, 2006, Dave Holloway published a bookco-authored with R. Stephanie Good and Larry Garrisoncalled Aruba: The Tragic Untold Story of Natalee Holloway and Corruption in Paradise, that recounted the search for his daughter. [9] Van der Sloot was returned to Aruba, where he was incarcerated. He just wanted to screw Deepak. All three of the suspects were eventually released after being arrested and questioned by authorities. On May 30, 2010 - five years to the day of Natalee Holloway's disappearance -- Stephany Flores, a university student and daughter of a presidential candidate, was found beaten to death in a . Natalee Holloway was declared legally dead in 2012, seven years after her disappearance. As if to prove her point, in 2005 the case of Natalee Holloway, who disappeared while vacationing in Aruba, became a national preoccupation. This article is converted from Wikipedia: Peter R. de Vries. The Disappearance of Natalee Holloway. After Natalee was declared a missing person, surveillance footage from Carlos 'n' Charlie's was released, which showed her playing blackjack at a table with a group of men. But we never do. [17][18][19] On December 18, 2007, Aruban prosecutors announced that the case would be closed without charging anyone with a crime. [52][57] According to Dompig, the focus of the investigation centered on these three suspects from the "get-go". [140] On June 3, Van der Sloot was arrested in Chile on a murder charge and extradited to Peru the next day. [87] In the book, Van der Sloot gives his perspective of the night Holloway disappeared and the media frenzy that followed. [58], On June 17, a sixth person later identified as disc jockey Steve Gregory Croes was also arrested. On June 9, the Kalpoe brothers and Jovan were arrested and accused of being involved in Natalee's disappearance. Their family offered a $175,000 reward for anyone who had information that could reveal details surrounding her disappearance. Hundreds of volunteers from Aruba and the States offered to help - with the island's government even giving workers the day off to assist. [78] Additional searches took place in March and April 2006, without result. A longtime suspect in Natalees disappearance, Van der Sloot has since unspooled a string of ever-shifting stories and hints about what happened to Natalee but has never been prosecuted in the case, and denies any involvement in her presumed death. The Oxygen series follows the quest of Dave Holloway, an insurance agent in Meridian, Mississippi, who was divorced from Beth at the time Natalee disappeared, to find out conclusively what happened to his daughter. They joined the Aruban government in opposing the calls for a boycott of the island. [67][69] The FBI announced that the hair samples did not belong to Holloway. Natalee Ann Holloway (born October 21, 1986 - disappeared May 30, 2005) was an 18-year-old American whose mysterious disappearance made international news after she vanished on May 30, 2005, near the end of a high school graduation trip to Aruba in the Caribbean.Holloway lived in Mountain Brook, Alabama, and graduated from Mountain Brook High School on May 24, 2005, days before the trip. [65] The police had searched the landfill in the days following Holloway's disappearance. [120], The De Vries broadcast was discussed in a seminar by Dutch legal psychologist Willem Albert Wagenaar, who indicated that the statements did not constitute a confession. According to Van der Sloot, he was picked up by Satish Kalpoe at about 3:00am and left Holloway sitting on the beach. The accumulation of prison sentences is possible in Peruvian criminal law if the crimes committed were committed at different times by the same perpetrator. Despite attempts by the prosecution to extend their detention,[99][100] the brothers were released on the following day. After Flores' murder on 30 May 2010 five years to the day after Holloway's disappearance Van der Sloot fled . [185], The Amigoe newspaper reported on interviews with Julia Renfro and Dompig in which they said that Aruban authorities had been systematically obstructed in their investigation by U.S. officials. It was shot in South Africa. [33] According to teacher and chaperone Bob Plummer, the chaperones met with the students each day to make sure everything was fine. Email us atexclusive@the-sun.comor call212 416 4552. We have taken note of the news this week that there were human skeletal remains found in Aruba, but we dont know when and where these remains have been found, Doryen Kardol, a spokesman for Aruba Public Prosecutor Alexander van Dam, tells PEOPLE. Referring to missing American teen Natalee Holloway, Dr. Phil said, "Without giving up too much information, we believe Natalee Holloway is alive." Dr. Phil then discussed one of the world's . [152][153] On November 23, 2010, Aruba Solicitor-General Taco Stein announced that based on dental records, the jawbone was not of Holloway, and it was not even possible to determine whether it had come from a man or woman. Rich woman looking for older man & younger woman. [33] Dompig discounted the story, stating: This latest story [came] when [Van der Sloot] saw the other guys, the Kalpoes, were kind of finger-pointing in his direction, and he wanted to screw them also, by saying he was dropped off. Van der Sloot remains the main suspect in the Natalee Holloway case, but was released on two separate occasions due to lack of evidence. Van der Sloot stated that he did not harm Holloway but left her on the beach. [65] After the jogger's statements, the landfill was searched three more times; the FBI used cadaver dogs to assist in the recovery operation. Her case resulted in a world-wide media frenzy, yet Natalee's body was never found, and her father, Dave Holloway, has never stopped searching for answers. (Transcript)", "Judge tosses wrongful death lawsuit in Holloway case", "Judge Oks trial against Dr. Phil in Holloway suit", "Dr. Phil, CBS Gain Advantage in Defamation Lawsuit over Natalee Holloway Show", "Holloway suspect's father awarded damages in Aruba", "Aruban Prosecutors to Appeal Order to Pay Damages to Paulus Van Der Sloot", "Lifetime planning Natalee Holloway movie", "How mom keeps spotlight on the Holloway case", "Anderson Cooper 360 Transcript (Aired August 11, 2005 19:00 ET)", "Local Philanthropist Helping Mother of Girl Missing in Aruba", "Man who said he disposed of Natalee Holloway's remains is killed by a woman he tried to kidnap", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Disappearance_of_Natalee_Holloway&oldid=1142748949, Articles with dead external links from December 2016, Articles with permanently dead external links, Articles with dead external links from June 2016, Articles with dead external links from February 2017, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 4 March 2023, at 04:19.